Meningitis is a word that sounds frightening — and for good reason. This condition can develop very quickly and be life-threatening. The good news is that some types of meningitis can be prevented through vaccination. Let’s go through it calmly and clearly.
Meningitis is an inflammation of the membranes covering the brain and spinal cord.
The causes can vary:
- Viral meningitis — the most common type, usually milder, caused by various viruses (enteroviruses, adenoviruses, herpes viruses, etc.)
- Bacterial meningitis — the most dangerous form, can develop rapidly and lead to severe complications or death
- Fungal meningitis
The main bacterial pathogens are meningococcus (Neisseria meningitidis), pneumococcus, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. Safe and effective vaccines against these pathogens are available worldwide.
Why is meningococcus special?
Meningococcal infection is one of the most dangerous and rapidly progressing infections. It can present as meningitis or meningococcemia (sepsis), which is an even more severe condition.
Key features:
• sudden onset (a child may be well and become critically ill within hours)
• high mortality without treatment
• possible severe последствия: hearing loss, neurological impairment, amputations (in severe sepsis)
Who is at risk?
• children under 5 years
• adolescents
• people in crowded settings
• travelers
• patients with chronic diseases or weakened immune systems
Symptoms that require urgent medical attention:
• high fever, especially not responding to NSAIDs
• severe headache
• vomiting
• sensitivity to light
• pronounced drowsiness or unusual agitation
• neck stiffness
• rash that does not fade when pressed with a glass (very alarming sign!)
How to protect a child?
The most effective way is vaccination. In Georgia, there are 2 paid vaccines against different meningococcal strains, available from as early as 2 months of age:
1. Nimenrix
Protects against serogroups A, C, W, Y
Vaccination schedule:
Children 6 weeks–6 months: 2 doses (≥2 months apart) + booster from 12 months
Children 6–12 months: 1 dose + booster from 12 months
Children >12 months: 1 dose
2. Bexsero
Protects against serogroup B
Vaccination schedule:
Children 2–5 months: 3 doses (1 month apart) or 2 doses (2 months apart) + booster 6 months after last dose
Children 6–11 months: 2 doses (≥2 months apart) + booster from 12 months (≥2 months after 2nd dose)
Children 12–23 months: 2 doses (≥2 months apart) + booster 12–23 months after 2nd dose
Children 2–10 years: 2 doses (≥1 month apart)
Adolescents ≥11 years: 2 doses (≥1 month apart)
Why are both vaccines needed?
Meningococcus has different “types” (serogroups). There is no single universal vaccine, so these vaccines are not interchangeable but complementary. Together, they provide the broadest possible protection. Since protection typically lasts about 5–7 years, adolescents and other risk groups are also recommended a single booster at ages 11–15 (at least 4 years after the last dose).
Is this a mandatory vaccine?
No, in many countries it is not mandatory, but it is strongly recommended.
Can it be given with other vaccines?
Yes, it can be administered together with other vaccines, including on the same day.
Are vaccines safe?
Serious adverse reactions are very rare. The risk of disease is much higher.
Important note: Bexsero is considered moderately reactogenic, so it may more often cause fever or mild discomfort. These reactions are normal and respond well to NSAIDs.