Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection. It is estimated that most sexually active people will acquire the infection at least once in their lifetime.
In most cases, the infection is transient and is cleared by the immune system within 1–2 years. However, persistent infection with high-risk HPV types is associated with the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer.
The infection is usually asymptomatic, which is why screening remains the key method for early detection.
Screening recommendations:
• from age 21 — cytology screening (Pap test)
• from age 30 — primary HPV testing or co-testing (Pap test + HPV)
The most effective prevention strategy is vaccination before exposure to the virus and regular screening.
Prevention can prevent the development of cervical cancer in most cases.